Read the requirement paper carefullyall of the requirements are in the Essay

The origin and early expansion of Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The birthplace and early extension of Islam - Essay Example This start of the new religion just as a human advancement proceeded much after the demise of the Prophet Muhammad; the religion spread promptly over the world, yet at the same time Islam demonstrated resistance and offered space to different religions. One clear model in such manner is of the Jewish people group settled in the Medina after an Islamic culture was set up there. The Jewish individuals were given the option to continue following their strict traditions, and were conceded social autonomy which was careless to such an extent that it additionally permitted them to watch Jewish strict laws; the Muslims consequently picked up the Jew's political dependability towards the Muslim rulers. Later on in history also, Jews delighted in freedom and benefits during the Muslim guideline in nations like Egypt, Turkey too Iran. Another case of an existing together just as a clashing religion (to Islam) is Christianity which delighted in similar benefits (Esposito, 2002). The clans in Arab district venerated different agnostic divine beings, and there were three significant monotheistic religions here, Hebrew, Christianity, and a monotheism religion created by Persians knows as Zoroastrianism. Most of individuals in center east most explicitly Arab were driven by innate based conventionalism, their worth frameworks just as different social, financial matters, strict and political parts of their life were completely constrained by the division of their general public into clans. Every clan followed some different agnostic god, and had separate culture and conviction set that filled their requirement for being regarded prevalent. Accordingly every clan contended in turning into the most lofty and generally amazing and for this reason they imagined their own boss divine beings and looked for their favors. Beside loving agnostic divine beings the Arabs regarded other great items just as different plants and creatures. In those occasions the individuals were adoring symbols all the more regularly in this way it is felt that even the Christians and the Arabs could begin venerating icons. Indeed, even Christianity was contorted around there, and numerous augmentations were made in this religion by the clerics and controlled the principle to fit to their own necessities, that removed the religion's genuine shape. Because of such freak strict practices numerous un-just and improper practices had additionally flourished in this general public, the rich were misusing poor people, and the feeble in the network were being headed to the ground by the compelling. The treatment of ladies and kids was additionally brutal and cruel. Wars among the clans were very normal and caused a lot of demolition and were the significant explanation of destitution and awful financial states of the area. Not many older folks in the clans were given unrivaled significance and their ever request were followed, this absence of equivalent dissemination of intensity lead to wrong choices and misuses of a significant section of society. End The year 622 A.D. denoted a stupendous achievement throughout the entire existence of the religion of Islam. This denoted the start of a period that changed the history just as the geology of the entire world; the waves of this occasion will be felt till the finish of time. Before long the time

According To Liberal Internationalism, How Can Security Be Best

According To Liberal Internationalism, How Can Security Be Best According To Liberal Internationalism, How Can Security Be Best Achieved â€" Essay Example > @2011 Introduction Liberal internationalism is one significant international relations ideology that emphasizes the need for security within the international context. The theory was propagated by Emmanuel Kant in1795 in his publication perpetual peace. According to Kant, Liberal internationalism is the possibility and necessity of sovereign states to relate in a manner that is more just, peaceful and compatible with the rights and freedoms of all people in society. As an international dimension of liberalism and idealism, liberal internationalism is grounded on the belief that the elimination of aggression and war among states is essential in facilitating the spread of democratic states across the globe. Kant therefore argues that there is need for reforms in international relations among sovereign states in order ensure that peace and security is attained and maintained (Hurrell, 1990, 183-184). The ideology therefore proposed various ways in which security can best achieved wit hin the international context. This paper seeks to evaluate Liberal internationalism views on how security can best be attained. The scope of the analysis will also be grounded on evaluating the background of Liberal internationalism and providing and insight into the aspect of international security. Background of Liberal InternationalismLiberal internationalism within the context of international relations can be traced back to United States 28th president Woodrow Wilson. Wilson was a great reformist who believed that liberalism in international relations is the way to go. In his perspective he believed that nations should coexist as peace loving nations where justice and fairness is guaranteed. Wilson therefore proposed a world peace program that consisted of fourteen fundamental points. Some of the areas highlighted by Wilson include the need for transparency in the process and purpose for peace. Another proposal was that a general national association must be developed under an agreed upon covenant in order to enhance integrity in both small and great nations. Wilson passionately held the belief that it is only through international law that humanity can be rescued from insecurity, war and violence (Wilson's Fourteen Points, 1918). The development of the League of Nations after the First World War is another first permanent initiative that was developed to enhance peace in the international community. The objective of this particular international organization was war prevention through adopting a system of international dispute settlement, disarmament and collective security. In 1924, the League of Nations developed amendments that would be used in advancing international cooperation, international security and peace. Some of the areas of amendment include security and peace, the recognition of obligations of not resorting to war, honorable and just relations between nations, respect for treaties and the understanding of the rule of conduct and intern ational law among governments (Goldman 2008). Liberal Internationalism Views on how Security can best be Achieved According to the liberal internationalism perspective, security be best achieved using various ways and mechanisms. One of the feasible ways that security can best be achieved is through formally establishing peace in all states through establishing one international state. Kant argues that neither the aspect of balance of power nor the existing international laws can provide adequate solution to the problem of war and security (Hurrell, 1990, p189). This is because when men are in a state of nature they tend to abandon order and may resort to war. In addition the state of nature within the international context allows states to make war or enter into hostile activities as long as the state protects its rights. As a result in despite of the existence of mechanisms such as balance of power and international laws as rational ways in which states can coexist, attaining se curity can rather be difficult, unless men renounce their lawless freedom and savage and are governed by one international state (Hurrell, 1990, p189). Steans et al (2010, p56) also back Kant’s notion of developing one international state. Steans et al (2010, p56) argue that many divisions do not usually occur within the one state essentially when it has well a established or grounded foreign policy.

The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 1491 Words

In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass recollects being revolutionized from the years as a slave in the institution to the life of a free man in the world by attaining the extraordinary power and knowledge of literacy. In this pinnacle moment, Douglass declares and defines his presence and uses his extensive talent in communicative language to reach out and connect with his audience. During a time where it’s severely punishable to acquire these skills, Douglass’ looks beyond this, with his strong desire for freedom increasing as he comes to understand what awaits him on the other side. By liberating himself through literacy, Frederick Douglass, in The Narrative, recalls his transformation into a†¦show more content†¦He doesn’t want to continue as what others expect of him, he wants to take charge of his own life, and he knows the path to do it—through literacy: â€Å"From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. It was just what I wanted, and I got it at a time when I the least expected it† (Douglass 410). Douglass also knows how the effects of literacy, with the language of words and writing, can further his thinking, and he is able to make distinctions with a certain awareness of things, which leads to the creation of his own identity. Douglass’ thoughts and feelings help shape him to have an insightful comprehension of his surroundings and his situation. Before he was able to read or write, Douglass, like most slaves, was in the dark where he was silenced; he was unable to share or expand on his opinions, his capabilities and potentials not being valued, and his perceptions on things were limited: â€Å"I have found that, to make a contented slave, it is necessary to make a thoughtless one. It is necessary to darken his moral and mental vision, and, as far as possible, to annihilate the power of reason†¦he must be made to feel that slavery is right† (Douglass 439). 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This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. 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His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciat ion for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experienc es of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish

My Experience That I Have Spent From Anthropology Course

The time that I have spent in this anthropology course brought many concepts to my attention. Life is full of so many aspects but we always seem to pay attention to the ones that interest us the most. This course made me realize that I do not have to like something to have knowledge about its existence and principles. It is easy in life to lose contact with certain concepts because there are so many. Culture for instance, is one of those concepts because it is such a vast topic. As we know, each individual is born and raised in a culture that they reflect most of the time throughout their lifespan. For example, I was born in the very strict Haitian culture that my parents taught me to appreciate. According to me, my culture requires for someone to be responsible by believing and firmly practicing Catholicism, by respecting and applying the rules of how someone should behave in society and to be educated. These beliefs are the highlighted points that my parents passed on to me according to their culture. However, this could be very different to someone else in the same Haitian community. What I am try to point out is that every culture and even in the same culture there are many different aspects that someone could or could not believe in and adopt. We could spend hours, days and years talking abou t culture but one thing is certain, we will all never agree to the same aspects, norms and principles of life. Each culture sees certain aspects of the world through differentShow MoreRelatedBecoming A First Generation College Student860 Words   |  4 Pages I have always been my own motivator and it has not always been easy. Being a first-generation college student meant going it on my own, making mistakes and learning from them. 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Teenagers’ Addiction Free Essays

It’s 12:30 a. m. YouVe spent your entire night doing your late-night homework and now you have a craving for the munchies. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenagers’ Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your mouth waters as you spot a box of Oreos, a bag of Doritos, and yes, even a bag of popcorn. However, what you don’t know about these seemingly harmless, delicious snacks is that they contain loads of fats that, on the log run, will surely harm your health! I have put both my time and energy to research about this topic (fast food consumption among teenagers) not only because of its personal influence (considering I’m a teen who used to be a sucker for Junk food), but also because this issue has been strongly prevaling and has been increasing potentially harmful effects on us teenagers as we’re growing older, uch as diabetes, high blood pressure problems that can come with even worse complications, like heart diseases and fatal storkes. With only very few exceptions, fast foods have exceedingly high content of saturated fat and trans fat that can easily increase the level of bad cholesterol in a person’s body. In addition to fats, sugars and salts that are found in Junk food like candy bars and burgers, respectively, also can have negative impacts on teenagers’ healths. Also, some of my school friends have known persons that are currently suffering from the results of constant consumption of fast food. These teenagers suffer from not only evident damages to their physical health, but also those damages to their intellectual health. Moreover, seeing as we are such a school community, I hope that we must be vigilant and take notice for each other as we all wish our friends to stay healthy, Joyful, and successful individuals with long healthy lives. 2. Overview of the subject: Teenagers are becoming immensely absorbed into the theme of today, as their transforming lifestyles are bringing about a lot of challenges in the world. The rapid, untiring, and nervous lifestyles of teenagers today are bringing them towards more ast food consumption rather than healthier and home cooked food. This has very important problem faced by many countries as the instances of heart diseases and diabetes being observed among teens are growing daily. Teenagers undergoing obesity can have long term sicknesses which will be discovered sooner or later in their lives. In Canada, over 26% of teenagers (1. 6 million teenagers) are considered overweight or obese. Frood, 2009). The same phenomenon has occurred in the United States. The prevalence of overweight teenagers in the United States has increased dramatically in the past few years. Recent reports have reached epidemic levels, with approximately 16 percent of teenagers, 12 to 19 years old, classified as overweight (Bellows ; Roach, 2009). According to Novikova, there are three major causes why so many teenagers are attracted to fast food consumption (Novikova, 2009): The first factor is that of time constraints. This means that Junk food is addictive due to its simplicity and students prefer it as it is very quick to purchase. Students save themselves the hassle of preparing a lunch the night before or even eating breakfast, because some find it tedious and time consuming. In fact, they prefer to grab a quick bite in between classes or to have a quick lunch from the cafeteria so that they can continue with their tasks being almost uninterrupted, hence making Junk food utterly convenient for students to purchase. The second main reason Junk food is hard to resist is the delicious taste. However, the truth is that Junk foods get their taste from large amounts of oils, salts, and sugars, mostly resulting in empty calories (providing energy without any real nutrients needed by the body). Junk food is also tempting, especially on bad days; ome studies suggest that carbohydrates, which are present in most Junk foods, increase serotonin levels, prompting one to feel happier. A third factor is the increasing availability of Junk food. The increase in availability is mostly within districts lacking funds to supply nutritious food; therefore, they turn to the cheap, efficient, and tasty alternative that appears to keep everybody content. In general, a â€Å"10 percentage point increase in the proportion of schools with Junk food is correlated with about a 1 percent higher BMI for the average student,† according to National Bureau of Economic Research. This means the more Junk food available, the more weight gain–showing a large disregard for the health risks associated with it; if it’s there, students will eat it (Novikova, 2009). 3. Methodology section: This research, which studies the estimations and views of teenagers, examines a rank of fast food-related themes. Using measuring survey approaches, I have polled 15 high school students, all of which ranged between 13 to 18 years of age. Each questionnaire paper was composed of four carefully chosen questions, all of which ere multiple choice questions (refer back to Appendix A for questions). As it can be and straight to the point, in order to meet my research’s critical needs successfully. After the data were obtained, information was examined methodically using content analytic approaches. In general, I found that most, if not all, teenagers were well- enlightened about good health and home-food cooking, but they did not translate this knowledge into food behavior; they prefer fast food consumption. Teenagers felt that there were many obstacles and limits to changing their fast food consumption – pecifically, lack of time, absence of discipline, and absence of the sense of urgency. Time was regarded as the most important aspect – students realized themselves as being too engaged to worry about food, nourishment, meal cooking, and eating properly. The next remarks were typical: â€Å"We prefer other ways to spend time and we do not have enough time to change bad habits. † â€Å"We do not have the time with all this school work – a lot of problems. † â€Å"There’s a lot more than food that is actually important to us. † 4. Analysis and interpretation: While the greater number of students in the questionnaire said that they found ome kinds of healthy foods agreeable (few of them even suggested their addition in the school food schedule), there was omnipresent and ubiquitous endorsement of temperance in consuming foods of minimal nutritional value. The primary attraction of fast foods, according to the pupils, is the taste. Most noticed that they preferred and ate such foods without noticing the consequences, which involved â€Å"getting fat,† â€Å"occurrence of inflamed glands,† â€Å"bad state of mind† â€Å"bad health,† â€Å"poor feeding† â€Å"laziness,† â€Å"cavities,† and â€Å"getting ill frequently’. The other most popular cause given or consumption of fast food is its practicality. At all times, seeming to be in a rush, teenagers find fast food, in spite of its negative values, to be an essential part of their busy lives. The most important obstacle that these teens cited in the questionnaire was the unsuitability and expenditure involved in developing their diets. Since many teenagers are becoming conscious of themselves as leading lively, energetic, busy individuals, they sometimes trust that it is too much trouble to prepare a meal from scratch, thinking it would be a waste of time. More precisely, they can’t seem to stop escribing how much they are tempted to fast-food places and well-timed and favorable foods (such as chocolates, sweets, and chips). Such food selections are easy to reach and involve no planning or trouble in shopping for. The prevailing opinion among the teenagers I polled is that healthy food is â€Å"too large of a bother† and they are too engaged and pressured to consider much about healthy food. 5. Conclusion: Teenagers require to learn the skills obligatory to make dietary transformation. They nutrition facts, and to reckon up dietary and food information. Moreover, training in ields such as solution making, assertiveness, and opposition to peer pressure required to be involved into programs purposed at producing food changes. During this questionnaire pupils put forward for consideration that many teenagers’ absence the self-discipline required to eat healthy foods since their priority is for fast food consumption. Ultimately some of the teen respondents put forward for consideration that practicing good food habits had little hurry to teenagers. While self-confessing the significance of healthy eating practices, teenagers thought they ould concern later in life about eating better. It took me a while to think about an issue that I would have loved to read about, learn more about, and know how to deal with. After that, it only seemed convenient for me to research about the hazards in Junk food and how to prevent them as much as possible, for l, myself, am someone who needs a dietetic wake-up call! I was glad that I have found a topic that I was completely absorbed in, and from there, my Journey of researching began. Digging more into my topic, by reading as many relevant articles as I could, slightly overwhelmed me, especially with the uncountable number of articles that I could use as references. However, with constant elimination, I finally succeeded to narrow down my options. Another challenge was choosing the 5 questions for my interview. At first, it took me a while to choose whether the question should be multiple choice questions or free- subjective ones. However, I knew for a fact that if I received a survey form to fill out, I would have preferred to have fast and easy-to-answer questions due to my typical eenage busy schedule and lack of patience. Therefore, I made sure to keep my survey questions easy to relate to and quick to answer. Of course, I also made sure to keep a varied set of answers available in order for them to meet everyone’s opinions. all. It took me a while to put my words together and make the best out of all the sources. To be completely honest, I never felt like I was burdened to the extent where I was so close to NOT doing this research. Despite the fact that I’ve been exempted from the final exams, I umfortunately still have to study for two difficult SAT subject ests, and to practice for the musical performance that I will be performing on my graduation night , all that in a matter of 2 and a half weeks! Not to mention, of course, that I still haven’t bought my graduation dress! (that alone is a girl’s worst nightmare, believe me! ) Nevertheless, I was able to finish this ever-so-stressful mission, and I couldn’t be more relieved! It made me realize that my hard work and perseverance never fail to pay off and make me outdo myself everytime. I am so pleased to say that I have officially broken my record of deligence against Dar Jana’s stressful assignments! How to cite Teenagers’ Addiction, Papers

Is The Us Responsible Essays - Military Dictatorship Of Chile

Is The Us Responsible? Was The United States Responsible? It has long been said that the United States was responsible for bringing down Salvador Allendes government in Chile but this paper will argue that the Allende government was brought down by its own doing. It is true that Salvador Allende was elected in 1970 by means of a democratic election, although only with 36.6% of the vote. Nevertheless, it is equally true that his government lost its democratic character by having repeatedly violated the Constitution. In effect, President Allende became a tyrant when he broke his solemn oath to respect the Constitution and the Chilean laws. This was not just obvious to the great majority of Chileans in their daily lives, but was also established by almost two thirds of the House of Deputies (the Lower House of the Chilean Congress) in its momentous Agreement of 23 August 1973 (there was also a statement to the same effect from the Supreme Court). In this Agreement, is presented a list of the legal and constitutional violations of President Allende's government and it decided to make representations of this grave breach of the legal and constitutional order of the Republic to, among other authorities, the Armed Forces. At the same time it decides to make representations to those that, by virtue of their function, of their oath to remain faithful to the Constitution and the law, ... it is up to them to put immediate end to all the situations referred to above, which infringe the Constitution and the law. Since no feasible mechanism existed in the Chilean Constitution to remove a President who had lost his democratic nature, the House of Deputies, with the support of all the representatives of the Christian Democratic Party, made representations to the Armed Forces whom it was up to to put immediate end to this grave situation. This was, in fact, an inequivocal call to remove President Allende. The Armed Forces, led by the person who was then the Commander in Chief of the Army, General Augusto Pinochet, complied with the Agreement of the House of Deputies eighteen days later, on September 11, 1973. Therefore the origin of that government is that of any revolutionary one, in which only the use of force was left in order to remove a tyrant. When a President elected by a third of the population is removed, and especially if his government has caused the creation of armed militias, it is inevitable that a civil war should ensue. In some countries conflicts of this nature have produced hundreds of thousands of victims. For example, the Spanish Civil War caused one million deaths. Even the U.S. Civil War, also the product of a Constitution which was not clear concerning the right for a state to seceed from the Union , resulted in 650,000 deaths. While it is important to grieve for each one of the victims, Chileans and foreigners, who fell in Chile, and condemning each one of the abuses which both sides committed in the civil war which lasted for years, it is also important to point out that the Chilean revolution produced a minimal number of deaths when compared to any historic standard. Even the Report of the Commission which President Aylwin's government, antagonistic to President Pinochet's, set up (the so-called Rettig Report), concluded that in the 17 year period around 2,000 people died. In addition to the successful economic transformation carried out by his government, the momentous achievement which meant avoiding a war with Argentina, and the voluntary transition to a democratic government, the historical truth demands recognition that President Pinochet led a legitimate rebellion against tyranny and that during his government the price was a minimal cost in human lives, the majority the result of the quasi civil war. History

The Four Ps of Marketing essays

The Four P's of Marketing essays After reading Kay Napiers compelling story of her struggle with cancer and bone loss I decided that the best approach to this assignment would be to discuss how her personal struggle affected the four ps of marketing. Ms. Napier, being the vice president of Proctor and Gambles North American pharmaceuticals, and overseeing 1,300 employees shows how her personal struggle was a huge influence on P s new marketing strategy towards the product Actonel. Actonel is drug that is designed to increase bone mass caused by cancer, as well as osteoporosis, a condition that causes bone loss in nearly half of women. This is a very serious condition that Ms. Napier took a unique approach to marketing. The product, price, promotion, and place were all intertwined in an approach that differed greatly from their main competitors at Merck and Co.s. Fosamax, Mercks product is well established in the market for bone loss and is backed by many doctors. The aggressive approach that Napier took to pro mote the new product was innovative and successful. The product, Actonel, is a product that Pblockbuster. Actonel is a drug that is a second mover in the industry behind Fosamax but serves the same purpose. The drug, which is taken by Ms. Napier to reverse her bone loss due to chemotherapy, is one that she pursued and made her own. The time, effort, and image that Napier made for the drug is largely to her own struggle. Napier working on the products development during her illness created the product success and good image. By going to work during months of chemotherapy and handing off responsibilities of other drugs made Actonel Napiers prime concern. Napier development of the image of Actonel is a large reflection of herself. ...

Example Sentences of the Verb Leave in English

Example Sentences of the Verb Leave in English This page provides example sentences of the verb leave in all tenses including active and passive forms, as well as conditional and modal forms. Base Form leave / Past Simple left / Past Participle left / Gerund leaving Present Simple I usually leave for work at seven in the morning. Present Simple Passive Books are left on the desk at the front of the room. Present Continuous Mary is leaving for London today. Present Continuous Passive The city is being left by thousands this week. Present Perfect She hasnt left for the meeting yet. Present Perfect Passive The city hasnt been left by everybody yet. Present Perfect Continuous She has been leaving reminders around the house for years. Past Simple I left for work early yesterday morning. Past Simple Passive The magazine was left on the table yesterday afternoon. Past Continuous We were leaving for our vacation when they arrived. Past Continuous Passive The tourists were being left behind when the tour guide noticed they were missing. Past Perfect They had already left home when we got there. Past Perfect Passive The ticket had been left behind so he couldnt come. Past Perfect Continuous She had been leaving him reminders for a while before he remembered to take out the trash. Future (Will) Alice will leave soon. Future (Will) Passive The book will be left by the student. Future (Going To) We are going to leave on Friday. Future (Going To) Passive The house is going to be left by the visitors next week. Future Continuous This time next week we will be leaving on vacation. Future Perfect She will have left him by the end of next month. Future Possibility She might leave at the end of the week. Real Conditional If she leaves him, he will be very unhappy. Unreal Conditional If she left him, he would be very unhappy. Past Unreal Conditional If she had left him, he would have been very unhappy. Present Modal You can leave at any time. Past Modal They must have left early.

Compare Two Speeches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compare Two Speeches - Essay Example Seen in the larger context of the plot, it is noteworthy that the two defendants whom the lawyers voicing the two specific speeches are trying to protect stand a potential chance of getting convicted owing to the jury possibly being biased with respect to their race and ethnic identity. Hence, no wonder, the two speeches are indeed moving texts that intend to persuade the jury against succumbing to the prevalent racial biases and prejudices. Yet, there is no denying the fact that both these speeches tend to differ in their structure, form and content, and the strategy they resort to while trying to move the conscience of the jury. While the speech mad by Atticus in To Kill a Mockingbird is expansive, elaborate and emotive, the speech made by Charlie in the defense of Reverend Andrews is more factual, terse and tactical. The speech made by Atticus in To Kill a Mockingbird does indeed have an organic structure with a beginning, middle and an end. The character of Atticus systematically moves about to make an impression on the jury by making his speech to be placed at the end of his systematic enunciation of the facts and the available evidence before the jury. This strategy has a twin fold advantage in the sense that it not only segregates the two pivotal issues involved in the concerned trial that are the technical aspects associated with the trial and the larger issue of racial bias that could have a detrimental impact with regards to the defendant. Hence, without any doubt, this approach allows Atticus to methodically and systematically bring to fore the simmering issue of racial prejudice in the court house, which was not only till now being sidelined or taken for granted, but is also bound to have a decisive impact on the trial. The character of Atticus astutely adapts one’s mannerisms and body language to suit the gravity of the situation as is evident from, â€Å"†¦ he did something he didn’t ordinarily do. He unhitched his watch and ch ain and placed them on the table†¦.† In terms of content, the speech made by Atticus could be regarded to be emotive, while at the same time being factual in the sense that it lays bare the incidence and prevalence of racism in the society of his times, while urging the jury to rise above such narrow considerations, so as to decide the case while taking into consideration the available factual evidence. Commensurately, while making this speech, Atticus comes out as an authoritative speaker who has a firm grip over the social undercurrents of his times as he says, â€Å"She has committed no crime, she has merely broken a rigid and time honored code of our society†¦ † While doing so Atticus rises above the role of an ordinary lawyer intending to protect one’s client to be a voice of reason and sanity, not only having a firm grip over the essentials of the law of the land, but also symbolic of an attitude that supports an objective and unbiased approach to wards legal issues that he believes to be the guiding principle behind the law that he intends to uphold. It goes without saying that Atticus is amply aware of the mindset of his audience that is the jury and hence had tailored his speech to usher in a voice of reason and fairness into an opinion that had already been presumed to be calcified and crystallized, in an informal if not in a solemn manner. The speech made to the jury

Magical Realism And Transformation Of Characters In Animated Films Case Study

Magical Realism And Transformation Of Characters In Animated Films - Case Study Example The numerous character transformations have been used to highlight or depict the social changes of the time some of which may include the changing women rights, homosexual issues and increasing transformations regarding birthrights and abortion rights among others (Moritz, 1996, 49). It has also been widely suggested that the transformations may have been used as a satirical anti-Nazi parable. Generally, although the silhouette artforms may have been made to target children, Lotte Reiniger may also have infused social responsibility. Some of the major characters that have undergone character transformation in the movie include Peri Banu and the African magician. For example, the African magician frees himself from the chains and transforms into a bat and attempts to seek out Ahmed before the Prince chases him back to human form. The first appearance of the African sorcerer/magician shows him slowly unfold in the medium of close up with his fingers undergoing spider like articulations (Moritz, 1996, 48). As he transforms into various creatures, the body of the African Sorcerer can be seen going through a series of contortions. On the other hand, Aladdin and the magician both engage in a fiery magical due to each transforming into various creatures (Warner (2011, 401). They, however, soon resume their human form after a while before flinging fireballs at each other. Princess Peri Banu also transforms herself from time to time. In some instances, Peri Banu has a proportionate body with softened mellow and silhouette s with constant grins and smiles while at the time the princess appears as an earthly creature with a frontal appearance. With a lot of plotting; this German animation film is the oldest surviving animated motion picture.

Pfizer Drug Suit :: essays research papers

Pfizer and the Nigerian Trovan Suit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There has been a controversy about the experimental testing of the drug Trovan (trovafloxacin), by Pfizer, a major pharmaceutical company. Pfizer held clinical trials of the drug in Kano, Nigeria, during the 1996 epidemic of bacterial meningitis. The experiments were conducted on 200 children and were said to be successful. Recently, 30 Nigerian families of the children used in the experiments filed a lawsuit against Pfizer claiming they had violated laws by not obtaining permission from the families. (Reliefweb) This lawsuit is unprecedented. I believe Pfizer handled this experiment with good intentions and the press, namely the Washington Post, has unfairly portrayed them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently restricted the use of the antibiotic, Trovan, after it has been proven to cause liver failure and a small number of deaths when prescribed for many types of infections. Doctors were warned to reserve the use of Trovan for use only in the treatment of patients who meet very specific requirements. (Branch Law) Although it is harmful when used for certain ailments, Pfizer reports that Trovan has proven to be effective in treating meningococcal meningitis. This was determined during the experiments in Nigeria which were supervised by both American and Nigerian doctors. (Pfizer)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This experiment took place in Africa because of its recurring meningitis epidemic, which kills thousands of people. Pfizer took the opportunity to compare Trovan with ceftrixone, which was the commonly used drug at the time, to prove its effectiveness. One hundred patients were given Trovan and another 100 ceftrixone. In each group ninety-four percent of patients survived. â€Å"This mortality rate of 6% for both patient groups was lower than that seen in †¦patients with non-epidemic meningitis (range 6-10%), and lower than the overall fatality rate for this particular epidemic (10-30%).†(Pfizer) The incidence of side effects while using Trovan was not any higher than with ceftrixone. Oral Trovan proved to be a very safe, useful and promising treatment for this disease as compared to using other methods, which had to be given intravenously and could spread hepatitis or HIV. Pfizer states that, â€Å"The trial was designed and conducted in accordance with good medical practice and ethical norms.† They also said that both the Nigerian Ministry of Health and a local Nigerian ethics committee approved the experiment and a copy of this was sent to the FDA. â€Å"Prior to treatment, informed consent was obtained.

Interpretive vs. Escapist

Interpretive vs. Escapist As defined by Arp and Johnson, commercial fiction, or escapist literature, is â€Å"fiction written to meet the taste of a wide popular audience and relying usually on tested formulas for satisfying such taste† (Arp 744). Arp and Johnson also state that literary fiction, otherwise known as interpretive literature, is â€Å"fiction written with serious artistic intentions, providing an imagined experience yielding authentic insights into some significant aspect of life† (Arp 745). In â€Å"Once upon a Time†, Nadine Gordimer uses a unique combination of both interpretive and escapist literature styles to portray a message that there is no way to absolutely guarantee a person’s safety. Although Nadine Gordimer does use some elements of the escapist literature style to develop this piece of fiction, the story is primarily interpretive literature. Arp and Johnson state that â€Å"literary fiction plunges us, through the author’s imaginative vision and artistic ability, more deeply into the real world† (Arp 4). In â€Å"Once upon a Time†, Gordimer leaves the reader to his or her own insights as to what could have been done to avoid the particular outcome. She does not point out any particular moral to the story, but instead lets the reader absorb the family’s plight. The escapist style is recognized in the bedtime story that the narrator creates—the story within the story. In this story the emphasis is on plot rather than on character development, and the characters are obviously lacking the full dynamic quality that the reader identifies in the round character. Yet, again, unlike escapist literature, the conclusion of this story is far from the â€Å"happily ever after† endings of its type, and, being that there is no real moral to the story, in this way also, it is thus rendered more interpretive. The interpretive style is also apparent in the author’s choice of plot. The plot, unlike the typical escapist piece of literature, is non-linear; the ending, as opposed to the happy ending of an escapist literature piece, is indeterminate. In the beginning, the reader is introduced to a person who is experiencing anxiety, and this person then begins her own story. The reader is never brought back to the story of the narrator. As the narrator’s initial conflict remains unresolved at the closing of the story, the ending is indeterminate. In the bedtime story also, the problem is unsolved at the end. Instead, the narrator ends the story in a decidedly sardonic mocking of the traditional â€Å"They lived happily ever after† story. Due to both of these points, â€Å"Once upon a Time† would be described as a non-linear story. Though she is the most realistic character in the entire work of fiction, the character of the narrator is also more flat than round. Her situation is described to the reader in painful detail and in such a way that the reader will identify with her. However, her behavior is very typical of a person in her position. Awakened in the middle of the night as she was and hearing â€Å"a creaking of the kind made by the weight carried by one foot after another along a wooden floor† (Gordimer 183), the reader could not expect anything else but fear. Her roundness is shown in her slight internal conflict. She believes that she should not be scared, yet she cannot make her imagination—or mind—yield to her will. I couldn’t find a position in which my mind would let go of my body—release me to sleep again† (Gordimer 184). Although she is given an element of roundness, the narrator’s character remains more flat than round. The man, holding the role of a father, a husband, a son, and an employer in the story, is just what a reader would expect of an accommodating man in his positi on—in essence, the stereotypical man. This is shown in a number of ways. He played the role of supporting husband perfectly in always acknowledging his wife’s concerns. In order to calm her fears, â€Å"he had electronically controlled gates fitted† (Gordimer 185), to provide further control of any outsiders’ access to their property, as well as having the wall surrounding their property built higher. For the reason of pacifying the trusted housemaid, he had bars affixed â€Å"to the doors and windows of the house, and an alarm system installed† (Gordimer 185). Throughout the story, the man acquiesces to one after another requests, changing little from the unafraid, doting provider that the author first introduces to the reader. In the beginning of the story, the man is clearly unconcerned about his or his family’s safety from such people as the wife worries about. On more than one occasion, he assured his wife that â€Å"there was nothing to fear† (Gordimer 185). However, in the course of events, he attains some small quality of roundness in that his concern over his family’s security evolves into an obsession, perhaps due to his wife’s influence. During times that the family would go for walks, they would no longer pause â€Å"to admire this show of roses or that perfect lawn† (Gordimer 187); instead â€Å"the husband and ife found themselves comparing the possible effectiveness of each style [of each security system] against its appearance† (Gordimer 187). In changing his mind and/or in his allowance of the circumstances to change him, a slight element of roundness is added to the father’s relatively flat character. The man’s wife does not change by the end of this story, thereby showing her to be a flat character—predictable, stereotypical, static, and, in this case, easily defined as â€Å"good. † However, in the course of the story, the reader will also see a side of her that conflicts with her fears, which gives her some roundness. Women in general are typically more concerned than men with safety issues. Danger, whether real or perceived, is seen as a threat to their well-being, as well as to that of their loved ones. Be that as it may, the wife’s actions and fears are entirely understandable and predictable in â€Å"Once Upon A Time. † â€Å"She was afraid that some day†¦people might come up the street†¦and open the gates and stream in† (Gordimer 185). Perhaps not entirely logical, but such behavior is considered the norm for women, thus displaying her flatness as a character. However, at the same time, she also has a quality of roundness to her as well. Even though she advocates every extra security measure to protect herself and her family from â€Å"such people† (Gordimer 185), from the streets, those are the very ones that she feels compassion for. â€Å"The wife could never see anyone go hungry. She sent the trusted housemaid out with bread and tea† (Gordimer 186). The fact that she feels torn over the plight of these individuals and then her very attempts to isolate herself from them shows her internal conflict, thus giving a small element of roundness to her otherwise flat character. In the little boy, Gordimer paints the picture of endearing, playful innocence as well as naivete. His naivete and playfulness is demonstrated in his â€Å"[fascination] with the [intercom] device† (Gordimer 185), as well as in his tendency to imagine himself the hero in a fairytale story, which leads to his demise: â€Å"he pretended to be the Prince who braves the terrible thicket of thorns to enter the palace and kiss the Sleeping Beauty back to life† (Gordimer 188). Interestingly enough, the boy has the smallest role throughout the story and yet he becomes the character that the narrator uses to bring his/her point home. However, due to the fact that his character never undergoes any kind of change, he cannot be labeled as a round character. The trustworthy maid is also a stereotypical, flat character. This is suggested simply by her given name of â€Å"trusted housemaid† (Gordimer 185). Despite the circumstances of the times and the distrust that the wife feels towards people of her kind, the man and his wife trusted the housemaid enough to leave her â€Å"with responsibility for [their] possessions† (Gordimer 185). Also, not unlike the typical housemaid, she was an influence on her mistress. The housemaid fed the wife’s fears of these â€Å"people of another color† (Gordimer 185), telling the wife that â€Å"these were loafers and tsotsis† (Gordimer 186). In pointing out the â€Å"loafers’† shortcomings, perhaps because of her insecurities, she redirected the wife’s attentions away from caring for these people—typical behavior from an employee anxious to keep her job. On account of this stereotypical behavior, as well as the fact that she remains a static character throughout the story, the housemaid is a flat character. The last human character, the itinerant gardener, is also a flat character. The only thing that the author mentions concerning the gardener is that he was â€Å"highly recommended by the neighbors† (Gordimer 184). The gardener’s one purpose in the story was to aid in getting the little boy out of the security coil. â€Å"†¦the itinerant gardener, whose day it was, came running†¦and tore his hands trying to get at the little boy† (Gordimer 188). Typical of a man of service, he seemed willing to help in whatever way necessary. In the beginning of the story the narrator battles to control her own fears regarding physical security. The â€Å"bedtime story† created to alleviate his or her discomfort attempts to convince the hearer or the reader of the fact that one’s fate is out of one’s control. The author uses â€Å"Once upon a Time† to illustrate that there is no real way to guarantee anyone’s safety, no matter how hard the person tries.

Folsom Culture Ancient Bison Hunters in North American

Folsom is the name given to the archaeological sites and isolated finds that are associated with early Paleoindian hunter-gatherers of the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains and American Southwest in North America, between about 13,000-11,900 calendar years ago (cal BP). Folsom as a technology is believed to have developed out of Clovis mammoth hunting strategies in North America, which lasted dated between 13.3-12.8 cal BP. Folsom sites are differentiated from other Paleoindian hunter-gatherer groups such as Clovis by a specific and distinctive stone tool-making technology. Folsom technology refers to projectile points made with a channel flake down the center on one or both sides, and the lack of a robust blade technology. Clovis people were primarily, but not entirely mammoth hunters, an economy that was much more wide-spread than Folsom, and scholars argue that when the mammoth died off at the beginning of the Younger Dryas period, people in the southern Plains developed a new technology to exploit buffalo: Folsom. Folsom Technology A different technology was required because buffalo (or more properly, bison (Bison antiquus))  are faster and weigh much less than elephants (Mammuthus columbi. Extinct forms of adult buffalo weighed in at about 900 kilograms or 1,000 pounds, while elephants reached 8,000 kg (17,600 lbs). In general terms (Buchanan et al. 2011), the size of a projectile point is associated with the  size of the animal killed: points found at bison kill sites are smaller, lighter and a different shape than those found at mammoth kill sites. Like Clovis points, Folsom points are lanceolate or lozenge-shaped. Like Clovis points, Folsom were not arrow or spear points but were likely attached to darts and delivered by atlatl throwing sticks. But the main diagnostic feature of Folsom points is the channel flute, a technology that sends flintknappers and regular archaeologists alike (including me) into flights of rapturous admiration. Experimental archaeology indicates that Folsom projectile points were highly effective. Hunzicker (2008) ran experimental archaeology tests and found that nearly 75% of accurate shots penetrated deep into bovine carcasses despite rib impact. Point replicas used in these experiments sustained minor or no damage, surviving unimpaired for an average of 4.6 shots per point. Most of the  damage was restricted to the tip, where it could be resharpened: and the archaeological record shows that resharpening of Folsom points was practiced. Channel Flakes and Fluting Legions of archaeologists have investigated the making and sharpening of such tools, including blade length and width, selected source material (Edwards Chert and Knife River Flint) and how and why the points were manufactured and fluted. These legions conclude that the Folsom lanceolate formed points were incredibly well made to start with, but the flintknapper risked the entire project to remove a channel flake for the length of the point on both sides, resulting in a remarkably thin profile. A channel flake is removed by a single very carefully placed blow at the right location and if it misses, the point shatters. Some archaeologists, such as McDonald, believe that making the flute was such a dangerous and unnecessarily high-risk behavior that it must have had a socio-cultural role in the communities. Contemporaneous Goshen points are basically Folsom points without the fluting, and they seem to be just as successful at killing prey. Folsom Economies Folsom bison hunter-gatherers lived in small highly mobile groups, traveling large areas of land during their seasonal round. To be successful at living on bison, you have to follow the migration patterns of the herds throughout the plains. Evidence that they did that is the presence of lithic materials transported up to 900 kilometers (560 miles) from their source areas. Two models of mobility have been suggested for Folsom, but Folsom people probably practiced both in different places at different times of the year. The first is a very high degree of residential mobility, where the entire band moved following the bison. The second model is that of reduced mobility, in which the band would settle down near predictable resources (lithic raw materials, wood, potable water, small game, and plants) and just send out hunting groups. The Mountaineer Folsom site, located on a mesa-top in Colorado, contained the remains of a rare house associated with Folsom, built of upright poles made of aspen trees set in a tipi-fashion with plant material and daub used to fill the gaps. Slabs of rock were used to anchor the base and lower walls. Some Folsom Sites Texas: Chispa Creek, Debra L. Friedkin, Hot Tubb, Lake Theo, Lipscomb, Lubbock Lake, Scharbauer, Shifting SandsNew Mexico: Blackwater Draw, Folsom, Rio RanchoOklahoma: Cooper, Jake Bluff, WaughColorado: Barger Gulch, Stewarts Cattle Guard, Lindenmeier, Linger, Mountaineer, ReddinWyoming: Agate Basin, Carter/Kerr-McGee, Hanson, Hell Gap, Rattlesnake PassMontana: Indian CreekNorth Dakota: Big Black, Bobtail Wolf, Lake Ilo The Folsom type site is a bison kill site, in Wild Horse Arroyo near the town of the Folsom, New Mexico. It was famously discovered in 1908 by the African-American cowboy George McJunkins, although stories vary. Folsom was excavated in the 1920s by Jesse Figgins and reinvestigated in the 1990s by Southern Methodist University, led by David Meltzer. The site has evidence that 32 bison were trapped and killed at Folsom; radiocarbon dates on the bones indicated an average of 10,500 RCYBP. Sources Andrews BN, Labelle JM, and Seebach JD. 2008. Spatial Variability in the Folsom Archaeological Record: A Multi-Scalar Approach. American Antiquity 73(3):464-490. Ballenger JAM, Holliday VT, Kowler AL, Reitze WT, Prasciunas MM, Shane Miller D, and Windingstad JD. 2011. Evidence for Younger Dryas global climate oscillation and human response in the American Southwest. Quaternary International 242(2):502-519. Bamforth DB. 2011. Origin Stories, Archaeological Evidence, and Postclovis Paleoindian Bison Hunting on the Great Plains. American Antiquity 71(1):24-40. Bement L, and Carter B. 2010. Jake Bluff: Clovis Bison Hunting on the Southern Plains of North America. American Antiquity  75(4):907-933. Buchanan B. 2006. An analysis of Folsom projectile point resharpening using quantitative comparisons of form and allometry. Journal of Archaeological Science 33(2):185-199. Buchanan B, Collard M, Hamilton MJ, and O’Brien MJ. 2011. Points and prey: a quantitative test of the hypothesis that prey size influences early Paleoindian projectile point form. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(4):852-864. Hunzicker DA. 2008. Folsom Projectile Technology: An Experiment in Design, Effectiveness Plains Anthropologist 53(207):291-311.and Efficiency. Lyman RL. 2015. Location and Position in Archaeology: Revisiting the Original Association of a Folsom Point with Bison Ribs. American Antiquity 80(4):732-744. MacDonald DH. 2010. The Evolution of Folsom Fluting. Plains Anthropologist 55(213):39-54. Stiger M. 2006. A Folsom structure in the Colorado mountains. American Antiquity 71:321-352.